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Development of Ethnic, Racial, and National Prejudice in Childhood and Adolescence: A Multinational Meta‐Analysis of Age Differences
Author(s) -
Raabe Tobias,
Beelmann Andreas
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
child development
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.103
H-Index - 257
eISSN - 1467-8624
pISSN - 0009-3920
DOI - 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01668.x
Subject(s) - psychology , ethnic group , prejudice (legal term) , multinational corporation , developmental psychology , meta analysis , childhood development , child development , adolescent development , social psychology , sociology , political science , medicine , anthropology , law
This meta‐analysis summarizes 113 research reports worldwide (121 cross‐sectional and 7 longitudinal studies) on age differences in ethnic, racial, or national prejudice among children and adolescents. Overall, results indicated a peak in prejudice in middle childhood (5–7 years) followed by a slight decrease until late childhood (8–10 years). In addition to differences for the various operationalizations of prejudice, detailed findings revealed different age‐related changes in prejudice toward higher versus lower status out‐groups and positive effects of contact opportunities with the out‐group on prejudice development. Results confirm that prejudice changes systematically with age during childhood but that no developmental trend is found in adolescence, indicating the stronger influence of the social context on prejudice with increasing age.