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Mothers’ Antenatal Depression and Their Children’s Antisocial Outcomes
Author(s) -
Hay Dale F.,
Pawlby Susan,
Waters Cerith S.,
Perra Oliver,
Sharp Deborah
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
child development
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.103
H-Index - 257
eISSN - 1467-8624
pISSN - 0009-3920
DOI - 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01386.x
Subject(s) - psychology , depression (economics) , offspring , pregnancy , conduct disorder , population , psychiatry , injury prevention , suicide prevention , poison control , human factors and ergonomics , developmental psychology , clinical psychology , medicine , medical emergency , environmental health , genetics , macroeconomics , economics , biology
Interviews of 120 British adolescents and their parents (80% of a random sample of antenatal patients drawn from a representative urban population and followed longitudinally) revealed that 40 (33%) had been arrested and/or had a diagnosis of DSM–IV conduct disorder by 16 years of age; of those, 18 (45%) had committed violent acts. Depression in pregnancy significantly predicted violence in adolescence, even after controlling for the family environment, the child’s later exposure to maternal depression, the mother’s smoking and drinking during pregnancy, and parents’ antisocial behavior. Mothers with a history of conduct problems were at elevated risk to become depressed in pregnancy, and the offspring of depressed women had a greater chance of becoming violent by age 16.