Components of Young Children’s Trait Understanding: Behavior‐to‐Trait Inferences and Trait‐to‐Behavior Predictions

Trait attribution is central to people’s naïve theories of people and their actions. Previous developmental research indicates that young children are poor at predicting behaviors from past trait‐relevant behaviors. We propose that the cognitive process of behavior‐to‐behavior predictions consists of two component processes: (1) behavior‐to‐trait inferences and (2) trait‐to‐behavior predictions. Experiment 1 demonstrates that 4‐, 5‐, 7‐, and 9‐year‐olds can infer trait labels from behaviors. Experiment 2 demonstrates that 4‐, 5‐, and 7‐year‐olds can predict behaviors from trait labels but not from past behaviors. Experiment 3 demonstrates that 4‐ and 5‐year‐olds understand traits as predictive and stable over time. Taken together, these three studies show that young children, in possessing component trait‐reasoning processes, have a nascent understanding of traits.