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Task Dependency and the Role of Category Typicality and Metamemory in the Development of an Organizational Strategy
Author(s) -
Hasselhorn Marcus
Publication year - 1992
Publication title -
child development
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.103
H-Index - 257
eISSN - 1467-8624
pISSN - 0009-3920
DOI - 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb03607.x
Subject(s) - recall , psychology , task (project management) , free recall , metamemory , sort , cognitive psychology , categorization , representativeness heuristic , recall test , social psychology , cognition , metacognition , artificial intelligence , computer science , information retrieval , management , neuroscience , economics
Second and fourth graders received 1 of 3 lists of items differing in category representativeness in either a free recall or a sort‐recall task. The selection of list materials permitted a separation of the effects of age differences in category knowledge from those of that knowledge per se on children's recall behavior. Proximal and distal measures of metamemory also were derived. Levels of recall and clustering were superior in the sort‐recall task and for items of high category typicality. Recall also increased with age, while grade effects for clustering were restricted to the sort‐recall/high typicality condition. The deliberate use of an organizational strategy increased with items' category typicality and with age, and was more frequent in the sort‐recall than in the free recall task. The results were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that most 10‐year‐olds are capable of strategically activating category knowledge in appropriate task environments when items of high category typicality are provided.