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Intervention, Facilitation and Self‐development: Strategies and Practices in Forestry Cooperation in Bolivia
Author(s) -
Umans Laurent
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
development and change
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.267
H-Index - 93
eISSN - 1467-7660
pISSN - 0012-155X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1467-7660.2012.01774.x
Subject(s) - facilitation , intervention (counseling) , politics , performative utterance , collective action , community forestry , action (physics) , community development , public relations , business , political science , sociology , economic growth , management , economics , forestry , psychology , forest management , epistemology , philosophy , physics , quantum mechanics , psychiatry , law , geography
Aid encounters in three community forestry endeavours reveal different strategies of development cooperation. The first, intervention, is a unilaterally designed aid strategy where the external intervening party takes the lead, sets goals, draws up plans, etc. The second, facilitation, is a mutually designed strategy of cooperation which focuses on collective action and mutual learning. The third, encouragement of self‐development, is a unilaterally designed strategy where local actors take the lead in development endeavours. This article analyses these three distinctive strategies with reference to social, discursive, political and performative practices found in development cooperation. This provides an integrated framework for assessing local community situations which could guide strategic decisions and promote effective development cooperation.