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Individual Differences in Self‐Enhancement and Self‐Protection Strategies: An Integrative Analysis
Author(s) -
Hepper Erica G.,
Gramzow Richard H.,
Sedikides Constantine
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal of personality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.082
H-Index - 144
eISSN - 1467-6494
pISSN - 0022-3506
DOI - 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00633.x
Subject(s) - psychology , narcissism , confirmatory factor analysis , exploratory factor analysis , personality , self enhancement , empirical research , self , structural equation modeling , exploratory analysis , social psychology , clinical psychology , psychometrics , data science , computer science , philosophy , epistemology , machine learning
Research has identified a large number of strategies that people use to self‐enhance or self‐protect. We aimed for an empirical integration of these strategies. Two studies used self‐report items to assess all commonly recognized self‐enhancement or self‐protection strategies. In Study 1 ( N =345), exploratory factor analysis identified 4 reliable factors. In Study 2 ( N =416), this model was validated using confirmatory factor analysis. The factors related differentially to the key personality variables of regulatory focus, self‐esteem, and narcissism. Expanding this integrative approach in the future can reveal a great deal about the structure and dynamics of self‐enhancement and self‐protection motivation.