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Hope Against the Cold: Individual Differences in Trait Hope and Acute Pain Tolerance on the Cold Pressor Task
Author(s) -
Snyder C. R.,
Berg Carla,
Woodward Julia T.,
Gum Amber,
Rand Kevin L.,
Wrobleski Kristin K.,
Brown Jill,
Hackman Ashley
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
journal of personality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.082
H-Index - 144
eISSN - 1467-6494
pISSN - 0022-3506
DOI - 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00318.x
Subject(s) - cold pressor test , optimism , pain tolerance , trait , psychology , task (project management) , clinical psychology , depression (economics) , threshold of pain , developmental psychology , social psychology , medicine , heart rate , management , computer science , blood pressure , economics , programming language , macroeconomics
Hope theory (see Snyder, 1994) is presented as a useful framework for understanding reactions to pain. In Study 1, persons scoring higher on the trait Hope Scale (Snyder, Harris et al., 1991) kept their hands in the freezing water (of a cold pressor task) for significantly longer. In Study 2, the higher‐hope males, and not females, as measured by both trait and state hope (Snyder, Sympson et al., 1996), recognized the onset of the pain threshold significantly later. Moreover, in Study 2, results showed that individual differences measures of optimism, self‐efficacy, depression, and positive and negative affects did not relate to the pain onset and tolerance variables. The implications of hope as related to the pain process and related research are discussed.