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Looking, laughing, and smiling in dyads as a function of intimacy motivation and reciprocity
Author(s) -
McAdams Dan P.,
Jackson R. Jeffrey,
Kirshnit Carol
Publication year - 1984
Publication title -
journal of personality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.082
H-Index - 144
eISSN - 1467-6494
pISSN - 0022-3506
DOI - 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1984.tb00881.x
Subject(s) - psychology , laughter , eye contact , reciprocal , reciprocity (cultural anthropology) , social psychology , interview , thematic apperception test , developmental psychology , nonverbal communication , interpersonal relationship , interpersonal communication , linguistics , philosophy , political science , law
Eighty college students (40 females and 40 males) were administered the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and interviewed in either a one‐way (interviewer asks questions) or reciprocal (interviewer asks questions and discloses information about him‐ or herself) condition by a same‐sex interviewer. The TATs were scored for intimacy motivation. In this 2 (Female vs. Male) × 2 (High vs. Low Intimacy Motive) × 2 (Reciprocal vs. One‐Way Condition) experiment, intimacy motivation was positively associated with greater levels of laughter, smiling, and eye contact for the entire sample, as hypothesized. Furthermore, women showed significantly higher scores than men on laughter, smiling, and eye contact. Contrary to a second hypothesis, high intimacy motivation combined with reciprocal condition did not yield the highest levels of laughter, smiling, and eye contact. The results extend the construct validation literature for intimacy motivation into the domain of nonverbal behaviors considered to be indicative of positive interpersonal regard in cordial human interactions.