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Artists, architects, and engineers—three contrasting modes of visual experience and their psychological correlates 1
Author(s) -
Holtzman Wayne H.,
Swartz Jon D.,
Thorpe Joseph S.
Publication year - 1971
Publication title -
journal of personality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.082
H-Index - 144
eISSN - 1467-6494
pISSN - 0022-3506
DOI - 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1971.tb00053.x
Subject(s) - rorschach test , psychology , test (biology) , stroop effect , perception , welsh , projective test , social psychology , subject (documents) , cognitive psychology , cognition , psychoanalysis , linguistics , paleontology , philosophy , neuroscience , library science , computer science , biology
S ummary Over a period of five years, 31 architects, 28 artists, and 26 engineers, a total of 85 outstanding individuals in their respective fields, were studied intensively with a psychological test battery consisting of the Holtzman Inkblot Technique, Time Estimation measures, the Stroop Color‐Word Test, the Embedded Figures Test, the Autokinetic Effect, Byrne's Repression‐Sensitization Inventory, the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, and the Welsh Figure Preference Test. Each subject in the study was chosen by a panel of faculty members as the most outstanding advanced students in nonrepresentational abstract art, architecture, and engineering drawing Highly significant differences were found between the three groups for a number of variables that had been predicted on the basis of previous research and theoretical considerations. These results served to validate the meaning of the perception variables while also giving additional insight into the differences between these three contrasting modes of visual experience as exemplified by the three occupational groups