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Exenatide plus metformin compared with metformin alone on β‐cell function in patients with Type 2 diabetes
Author(s) -
Derosa G.,
Franzetti I. G.,
Querci F.,
Carbone A.,
Ciccarelli L.,
Piccinni M. N.,
Fogari E.,
Maffioli P.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
diabetic medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.474
H-Index - 145
eISSN - 1464-5491
pISSN - 0742-3071
DOI - 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03699.x
Subject(s) - metformin , exenatide , medicine , endocrinology , insulin resistance , adiponectin , type 2 diabetes , placebo , insulin , diabetes mellitus , alternative medicine , pathology
Diabet. Med. 29, 1515–1523 (2012) Abstract Aim To quantify how much exenatide added to metformin improves β‐cell function, and to evaluate the impact on glycaemic control, insulin resistance and inflammation compared with metformin alone. Methods A total of 174 patients with Type 2 diabetes with poor glycaemic control were instructed to take metformin for 8 ± 2 months, then they were randomly assigned to exenatide (5 μg twice a day for the first 4 weeks and forced titration to 10 μg twice a day thereafter) or placebo for 12 months. At 12 months we evaluated anthropometric measurements, glycaemic control, insulin resistance and β‐cell function variables, glucagon, adiponectin, high sensitivity‐C reactive protein and tumour necrosis factor‐α. Before and after 12 months, patients underwent a combined euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic and hyperglycaemic clamp, with subsequent arginine stimulation. Results Exenatide + metformin gave a greater decrease in body weight, glycaemic control, fasting plasma proinsulin and insulin and their ratio, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), and glucagon values and a greater increase in C‐peptide levels, homeostasis model assessment β‐cell function index (HOMA‐β) and adiponectin compared with placebo + metformin. Exenatide + metformin decreased waist and hip circumference, and reduced concentrations of high sensitivity‐C reactive protein and tumour necrosis factor‐α. Exenatide + metformin gave a greater increase in M value (+34%), and disposition index (+55%) compared with placebo + metformin; first (+21%) and second phase (+34%) C‐peptide response to glucose and C‐peptide response to arginine (+25%) were also improved by exenatide + metformin treatment, but not by placebo + metformin. Conclusion Exenatide is effective not only on glycaemic control, but also in protecting β‐cells and in reducing inflammation.