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Impact of high‐fat /low‐carbohydrate, high‐, low‐glycaemic index or low‐caloric meals on glucose regulation during aerobic exercise in Type 2 diabetes
Author(s) -
Ferland A.,
Brassard P.,
Lemieux S.,
Bergeron J.,
Bogaty P.,
Bertrand F.,
Simard S.,
Poirier P.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
diabetic medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.474
H-Index - 145
eISSN - 1464-5491
pISSN - 0742-3071
DOI - 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02734.x
Subject(s) - medicine , meal , crossover study , type 2 diabetes , calorie , endocrinology , carbohydrate , insulin , diabetes mellitus , physical exercise , aerobic exercise , alternative medicine , pathology , placebo
Aims A decrement in blood glucose (BG) may be observed in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) when exercise is performed after a meal, in contrast to fasting. We determined the impact of different pre‐exercise meal macronutrient compositions with modulation of the glycaemic index (GI) on glucose regulation during exercise in patients with T2DM. Methods Using a randomized, single‐blind crossover design, 10 sedentary men performed five exercise sessions, once after an overnight fast, and also after each of four test meals, consisting of a high‐fat/low‐carbohydrate meal, a high‐GI meal, a low‐GI meal, and a low‐calorie meal. Results Pre‐exercise BG and insulin levels were comparable for all four meals. Exercise decreased BG and insulin levels during all meal conditions (all P < 0.001) compared with the fasting state in which BG levels did not change. The magnitude of BG and insulin decrements was similar after consuming the low‐calorie, the high‐GI and the high‐fat/low‐carbohydrate meals, whereas the low‐GI meal induced the lowest BG fall. Adrenaline response was higher after consumption of the high‐, the low‐GI and the low‐caloric meals compared with the high‐fat/low‐carbohydrate meal and with the fasting state ( P < 0.05). Conclusions This study underlines the beneficial effect of low‐GI foods and the differential impact of pre‐exercise meal macronutrient composition on BG decrease. This may protect against exercise‐induced hypoglycaemia, and reiterates the safety of exercising while fasting in T2DM patients.