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Ethnic differences in the timely diagnosis of children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Netherlands: clinical presentation at onset
Author(s) -
Van Laar J. J. N.,
Grishchenko M.,
Van Wouwe J. P.,
Stronks K.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
diabetic medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.474
H-Index - 145
eISSN - 1464-5491
pISSN - 0742-3071
DOI - 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.02063.x
Subject(s) - medicine , ethnic group , socioeconomic status , pediatrics , demography , logistic regression , immigration , diabetic ketoacidosis , diabetes mellitus , environmental health , population , endocrinology , archaeology , sociology , anthropology , history
Aims Little is known about ethnic differences in the timely diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (Type 1 DM). This study aimed to assess ethnic inequalities in the timely diagnosis of Type 1 DM, as indicated by a more adverse clinical condition at onset. In addition, we assessed whether these differences could be explained by differences in socio‐economic status. Methods From a national register, we selected 3128 children aged < 15 years with newly diagnosed Type 1 DM. Ethnic differences in serum glucose, blood pH, bicarbonate, presence of ketonuria, level of consciousness, hydration status, and diabetic ketoacidosis were assessed by logistic regression. A measure of socio‐economic status based on postal codes was used as an explanatory variable. Results The risk of adverse clinical presentation was 1.5–2 times higher in non‐Western immigrants than Dutch children, while Western immigrant children did not differ from Dutch children. Blood pH, bicarbonate level, and level of consciousness were lower in Turkish and Antillean children in particular. The adverse socio‐economic position of immigrant children contributed very little to these differences in clinical presentation. Conclusions Non‐Western children were likely to be sicker at first presentation of Type 1 DM, and thus diagnosis may have been delayed. These disparities were not accounted for by differences in socio‐economic status. Possible explanations may be difficulties in recognition of symptoms, failure of GPs to take symptom reporting seriously and lack of awareness of the fact that Type 1 DM occurs more often in certain ethnic groups.