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Autoantibodies to GAD and IA‐2 in Saudi Arabian diabetic patients
Author(s) -
Damanhouri L. H.,
Dromey J. A.,
Christie M. R.,
Nasrat H. A.,
Ardawi M. S. M.,
Robins R. A.,
Todd I.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
diabetic medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.474
H-Index - 145
eISSN - 1464-5491
pISSN - 0742-3071
DOI - 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01438.x
Subject(s) - medicine , autoantibody , gestational diabetes , type 1 diabetes , diabetes mellitus , disease , islet , antibody , gastroenterology , insulin , immunology , endocrinology , pregnancy , gestation , biology , genetics
Aims To determine the prevalence of autoantibodies in sera of Saudi diabetic patients including Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Apart from data on the prevalence of islet‐cell antibodies in patients in Ryhadh (Al‐Attas et al . Freqency of islet cell antibodies in adult newly diagnosed diabetic patients. Ann Saudi Med 1990; 10 : 369–373) immunological markers of autoimmune diabetes have not been explored in Saudi Arabians. Methods Autoantibodies to GAD65 (GADA) and IA‐2 (IA‐2A) were determined using radio‐immunoprecipitation assays. Results In Type 1 DM patients, 54% were GADA + and 27% were IA‐2A + . A greater negative effect of disease duration was noted for IA‐2A than for GADA positivity. Autoantibodies were more prevalent with younger age of onset. GADA were slightly more common in female Type 1 DM patients. In Type 2 DM, 8/99 patients were GADA + , and three of these patients with shorter disease duration were also IA‐2A + . GADA, and particularly IA‐2A, were associated with a younger age of onset of Type 2 DM and all the autoantibody‐positive Type 2 DM patients were insulin‐treated. GADA were detected in 2.2% of GDM patients, but none of these patients possessed IA‐2A. Conclusions The prevalence and associations of autoantibodies in Saudi diabetic patients are very similar to those reported for diabetic patients in other ethnic groups.