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Energy Expenditure in Lean and Obese Diabetic Patients Using the Doubly Labelled Water Method
Author(s) -
Chong P.K.K.,
Jung R.T.,
Rennie M.J.,
Scrimgeour C.M.
Publication year - 1993
Publication title -
diabetic medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.474
H-Index - 145
eISSN - 1464-5491
pISSN - 0742-3071
DOI - 10.1111/j.1464-5491.1993.tb00156.x
Subject(s) - overweight , medicine , basal metabolic rate , thermogenesis , resting energy expenditure , endocrinology , doubly labeled water , obesity , lean body mass , specific dynamic action , diabetes mellitus , energy expenditure , body weight
Obesity is a common problem among Type 2 diabetic patients. To investigate the role of energy expenditure in the maintenance of obesity in diabetic subjects, total energy output was measured during weight stability in 23 diabetic patients: 8 lean, 5 overweight, and 10 obese. Free living total energy expenditure was measured over 14 days using doubly labelled water method, resting metabolic rate by indirect calorimetry, and urinary energy losses were assessed. Total energy output was higher in the obese (13.66 ± SD 3.18 MJ 24 h −1 ) than normal weight patients (10.84 ± 2.02 MJ 24 h −1 ; p < 0.05); 11.96 ± 2.51 MJ 24 h −1 in the overweight. None of the lean but four of the obese had total energy output > 16 MJ 24 h −1 . Urinary energy losses accounted for only 0.6% of total energy output in lean, 2.8% in overweight, and 3.1% in obese. Resting metabolic rate was significantly higher in obese (7.47 ± 1.69 MJ 24 h −1 ) compared to lean (5.87 ± 1.07; p < 0.05) and resting metabolic rate correlated with lean body mass ( r = 0.8, p < 0.001). Thermogenesis plus physical activity was substantial and not lower in the obese (5.77 versus lean 4.97 MJ 24 h −1 ). The mean ratio of total energy expenditure to resting metabolic rate was in the moderate exercise category and similar in lean (1.87) and obese (1.80). Resting metabolic rate, total energy expenditure, and thermogenesis and physical activity were similar in all three groups when corrected for differences in lean body mass. In conclusion, high energy intake and not reduced energy expenditure is the major cause of the maintenance of obesity in diabetic patients. Overall there was no evidence of an energy deficit in the obese. This work emphasized the need for increased patient nutritional education to control energy intake.