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Altered Regulation of Cholesterol Metabolism in Type I Diabetic Women During the Menstrual Cycle
Author(s) -
Owens D.,
Cox M.,
Caird J.,
Gilligan S.,
Collins P.,
Johnson A.,
Tomkin G.H.
Publication year - 1993
Publication title -
diabetic medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.474
H-Index - 145
eISSN - 1464-5491
pISSN - 0742-3071
DOI - 10.1111/j.1464-5491.1993.tb00139.x
Subject(s) - medicine , endocrinology , cholesterol , diabetes mellitus , menstrual cycle , metabolism , lipoprotein , high density lipoprotein , hormone
This study examines the relationship of cellular cholesterol metabolism to oestrogen and progesterone during the menstrual cycle in diabetic and non‐diabetic subjects. Nine premenopausal diabetic women were compared to nine non‐diabetic women of the same age. Oestrogen, progesterone, lipoproteins, including lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) were determined in serum. Cellular cholesterol content and cellular cholesterol synthesis were measured in mononuclear leucocytes. There was no significant change in serum lipoproteins including Lp(a) during the cycle in either group. CETP activity was significantly higher over the 4 weeks in the diabetic patients compared with non‐diabetic subjects (mean 463 ± μmol I*** −1 h −1 vs 405 ± 28 μmol ***I −1 h −1 , p <0.01). Serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly lower during the 4 weeks in the diabetic patients (1.7 ± 0.1 mmol I −1 vs 1.8 ± 0.1 mmol −1 , p <0.05). Cellular cholesterol synthesis decreased steadily up to the third week in cells from the control subjects whereas there was no significant change in cells from diabetic patients whose cellular cholesterol synthesis was higher at week 3 compared with non‐diabetic subjects (663 ± 54 nmol mg −1 cell protein vs 432 ± 43 nmol mg −1 cell protein, two‐way interaction p <0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between cellular cholesterol synthesis and serum oestrogen in the non‐diabetic subjects ( p <0.05) but not in the diabetic patients. These results show that cellular cholesterol synthesis is not downregulated during the menstrual cycle in diabetic patients, a finding which may help to explain the increased incidence of atherosclerosis in the diabetic, pre‐menopausal woman.