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The extent of tumour fat invasion affects survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma and venous tumour thrombosis
Author(s) -
Bertini Roberto,
Roscigno Marco,
Freschi Massimo,
Angiolilli Diego,
Strada Elena,
Petralia Giovanni,
Sozzi Francesco,
Capitanio Umberto,
Cremonini Anna,
Rigatti Patrizio
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
bju international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.773
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1464-410X
pISSN - 1464-4096
DOI - 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2010.09937.x
Subject(s) - renal cell carcinoma , medicine , nephrectomy , thrombosis , proportional hazards model , pathological , renal vein , hazard ratio , stage (stratigraphy) , venous thrombosis , surgery , gastroenterology , kidney , confidence interval , paleontology , biology
Study Type – Prognosis (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Several studies have investigated the role of renal fat invasion in RCC with neoplastic thrombus. Our study confirmed that the simultaneous presence of TFI and VTT was associated with higher risk of CSM than the presence of VTT alone. We demonstrated for the first time that patients with either PFI or RSFI had a two‐fold increased risk of CSM compared with patients with VTT alone. Moreover, the combination of PFI and RSFI was associated with a three‐fold risk of CSM. OBJECTIVE • To investigate the effect of presence and extent of tumour fat invasion (TFI) – perinephric invasion (PFI), renal sinus fat invasion (RSFI) or both PFI and RSFI – on cancer‐specific mortality (CSM) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and venous tumour thrombus (VTT). METHODS • We examined 184 consecutive patients with RCC with VTT treated with nephrectomy between 1987 and 2007. Associations with CSM were evaluated by univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS • Median follow up was 21 months. The 5‐year CSM‐free survival estimates were 75%, 36% and 20% in patients with VTT without TFI, those with VTT with PFI or RSFI, and those with VTT with both PFI and RSFI, respectively ( P < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, presence of either PFI or RSFI was associated with a two‐fold increased risk of CSM, whereas presence of both PFI and RSFI was associated with a three‐fold increased risk of CSM, relative to VTT‐only cases. • The inclusion of the variable describing the presence and extent of TFI in a base model including pT stage, Fuhrman grade and presence of nodal disease and metastatic disease significantly increased the accuracy in predicting CSM (+2.1%; P < 0.001) in patients with VTT. CONCLUSIONS • Patients affected by RCC with VTT and TFI have a higher risk of CSM relative to cases with VTT only. Patients with both PFI and RSFI showed increased CSM compared with patients with either PFI or RSFI. • Our results suggest TFI should be accurately evaluated and included in routine pathological reports to provide better patient risk stratification.