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Evaluation of nuclear factor κB and chemokine receptor CXCR4 co‐expression in patients with prostate cancer in the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 8610
Author(s) -
Okera Meena,
Bae Kyoungwha,
Bernstein Eric,
Cheng Liang,
Lawton Colleen,
Wolkov Harvey,
Pollack Alan,
Dicker Adam,
Sandler Howard,
Sweeney Christopher J.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
bju international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.773
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1464-410X
pISSN - 1464-4096
DOI - 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2010.09884.x
Subject(s) - prostate cancer , cxcr4 , medicine , staining , chemokine , immunohistochemistry , radiation therapy , oncology , group b , chemokine receptor , nf κb , cancer , pathology , receptor , inflammation
What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Nuclear factor κB and CXCR4 are found in prostate cancer. The activation of NFκB may be able to be assessed for correlation of staining of NFκB subunits with staining of proteins products downstream of Nuclear Factor κB. OBJECTIVE• To determine the frequency of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and the chemokine receptor CXCR4 co‐expression in prostate cancer specimens from men with locally advanced disease.PATIENTS AND METHODS• Paraffin‐embedded samples from patients enrolled on the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 8610 trial underwent immunohistochemical staining for NFκB and CXCR4. • The amount of NFκB and CXCR4 was scored by a ‘blinded’ pathologist for the percentage of cells stained (0–100%) and staining intensity (0–3 +). • Cox proportional hazard models were used for overall survival and disease‐free survival to examine if NFκB and/or CXCR4 expression were associated with patient outcomes with and without adjustment for covariates.RESULTS• Available material and successful staining allowed NFκB and CXCR4 status to be determined for 55 and 63 patients, respectively. • Both NFκB and CXCR4 status were available for 51 patients. Of these, 53% were 2/3 + for cytoplasmic NFκB staining and 56% were 2/3 + for CXCR4. • In all, 18 of the 51 patients were 2/3 + for both NFκB and CXCR4 ( P = 0.129). Ten of 11 patients with 3 + NFκB had 2/3 + CXCR4 ( P = 0.004). • In this small study, neither NFκB nor CXCR4 were associated with prostate cancer outcomes.CONCLUSIONS• High NFκB expression is associated with CXCR4 expression and they are co‐expressed in about one third of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. • Larger studies to accurately determine the frequency of co‐expression and prognostic utility of NFκB and CXCR4 alone and in combination are warranted.