Premium
Rolipram, a specific type‐4 phosphodiesterase inhibitor, inhibits cyclophosphamide‐induced haemorrhagic cystitis in rats
Author(s) -
Sakura Mizuaki,
Masuda Hitoshi,
Matsuoka Yoh,
Yokoyama Minato,
Kawakami Satoru,
Kihara Kazunori
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
bju international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.773
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1464-410X
pISSN - 1464-4096
DOI - 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2008.07948.x
Subject(s) - rolipram , phosphodiesterase inhibitor , pharmacology , phosphodiesterase , chemistry , myeloperoxidase , tumor necrosis factor alpha , inflammation , nitric oxide synthase , metabolite , cgmp specific phosphodiesterase type 5 , nitric oxide , endocrinology , medicine , sildenafil , enzyme , biochemistry
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective roles of type 4 phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitor in cyclophosphamide (CYP)‐induced haemorrhagic cystitis, as the PDE4 inhibitor has anti‐inflammatory effects but its characterization is still unknown in urinary tract diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS In female Sprague‐Dawley rats, CYP was administered intraperitoneally and bladders were harvested 24 h after CYP injection. In another group, rolipram as a PDE4 inhibitor was administered before CYP treatment. The effects and mechanisms of CYP with/without rolipram pretreatment were evaluated by microscopic features, bladder wet weight, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, nitric oxide (NO)‐metabolite production and expression levels of inflammation‐related genes. RESULTS CYP injection resulted in severe cystitis. Pretreatment with rolipram significantly reduced the increase in bladder wet weight and MPO activity, and ameliorated histological inflammatory changes caused by CYP. The levels of inflammation‐related transcripts including inducible NO synthase (iNOS), interleukin‐1β and tumour necrosis factor‐α, induced by CYP, were down‐regulated significantly by pretreatment with rolipram. Also, rolipram reduced the NO‐metabolite production and iNOS protein expression in the immunohistochemical examination. CONCLUSION These results indicate that rolipram can attenuate the development of CYP‐induced cystitis in rats by suppressing cytokine production and iNOS induction. Thus, treatment with PDE4 inhibitor has potential clinical implications of the prevention of bladder inflammatory diseases.