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Metastatic non‐clear cell renal cell carcinoma: current therapeutic options
Author(s) -
Schrader Andres J.,
Olbert Peter J.,
Hegele Axel,
Varga Zoltan,
Hofmann Rainer
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
bju international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.773
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1464-410X
pISSN - 1464-4096
DOI - 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2008.07462.x
Subject(s) - sunitinib , sorafenib , temsirolimus , medicine , renal cell carcinoma , oncology , clinical trial , targeted therapy , refractory (planetary science) , kidney cancer , discovery and development of mtor inhibitors , cancer , pi3k/akt/mtor pathway , hepatocellular carcinoma , biology , apoptosis , biochemistry , astrobiology
Non‐clear cell (ncc) renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for ≈25% of all patients with metastatic RCC. It is refractory to standard immuno(chemo)therapy and, to date, no specific trials have been reported to evaluate the efficacy of novel targeted drugs in the different subtypes of metastatic nccRCC. We review all available data from subgroup analyses of the global sorafenib and sunitinib expanded access programmes, current phase‐III trials, and smaller multi‐ and single‐centre studies focusing on the activity of targeted agents in these specific and rare RCC subtypes. Both sorafenib and sunitinib have significant activity in metastatic nccRCC, but the efficacy of each agent seems to vary between different nccRCC forms. Preliminary clinical data for temsirolimus appear to be promising but more extensive and long‐term data are awaited. With the advent of novel therapeutic options, specific controlled multicentre trials are urgently needed to define their exact value and efficacy for treating the historically resistant nccRCC forms. The medium‐term aim should be to tailor the most advantageous therapy for each patient with respect to his/her individual RCC subtype and physical condition.