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Influence of the glycosaminoglycan layer on the permeation of hypericin in rat bladders in vivo
Author(s) -
Huygens Ann,
Crnolatac Ivo,
Maes Jan,
Van Cleynenbreugel Ben,
Van Poppel Hendrik,
Roskams Tania,
De Witte Peter A.M.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
bju international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.773
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1464-410X
pISSN - 1464-4096
DOI - 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2007.07167.x
Subject(s) - hypericin , glycosaminoglycan , chemistry , permeation , biodistribution , urothelium , biophysics , urinary bladder , biochemistry , in vitro , biology , pharmacology , medicine , surgery , membrane
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer on the specific location of hypericin in superficial urothelial carcinoma lesions of the bladder after intravesical instillation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fisher rat bladders were incubated with 15 or 30 µ m hypericin for 2 h. To examine the influence of the GAG layer on the permeation of hypericin, bladders were pre‐treated with chondroitinase ABC, n‐dodecyl‐β‐ d ‐maltoside (DDM) or sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) to disrupt, or protamine to neutralise the GAG layer before incubating with hypericin. After incubation, the photosensitizer permeation was examined quantitatively in cryostat sections of the bladders, using fluorescence microscopy and image analysis. RESULTS Disrupting or neutralising the GAG layer in the bladder had no influence on the permeation of hypericin. Pre‐treatment of the bladder with chondroitinase, DDM or SDS resulted in a significantly lower accumulation of hypericin, whereas neutralising the GAG layer in rats with protamine had no significant effect on the biodistribution of hypericin. CONCLUSION The GAG matrix causes no obstacle to the permeation of hypericin in the urothelium of the bladder, and modification of this GAG layer cannot explain the enhanced accumulation of hypericin in superficial bladder tumours.