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Genetic instability and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder
Author(s) -
Catto J.W.F.,
Meuth M.,
Hamdy F.C.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
bju international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.773
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1464-410X
pISSN - 1464-4096
DOI - 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2004.04548.x
Subject(s) - carcinogenesis , microsatellite instability , genome instability , biology , somatic cell , mutation , transitional cell carcinoma , instability , germline mutation , cancer research , chromosome instability , genetics , gene , mutation rate , cell , cancer , bladder cancer , microsatellite , dna , dna damage , allele , chromosome , physics , mechanics
The development of cancer occurs in a stepwise fashion, with each step representing the mutation in one of several key genes. However, the mutation rate of somatic cells is too low to account for the number of mutations required for a cell to undergo carcinogenesis. Thus, the development of genetic instability is a vital early step towards carcinogenesis. We review the evidence for genetic instability, with particular reference to transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Both microsatellite instability and chromosomal instability are present in this tumour, and we discuss their incidence and clinical implications.