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Risk factors for calculus formation in patients with renal transplants
Author(s) -
HARPER J. M.,
SAMUELL C. T.,
HALLSON P. C.,
WOOD S. M.,
MANSELL M. A.
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
british journal of urology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.773
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1464-410X
pISSN - 0007-1331
DOI - 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1994.tb16576.x
Subject(s) - medicine , crystalluria , urinary system , uric acid , urology , urine , hypercalcaemia , incidence (geometry) , etiology , renal transplant , hyperparathyroidism , transplantation , calculus (dental) , surgery , gastroenterology , calcium oxalate , calcium , dentistry , physics , optics
Objective To investigate the risk factors for stone formation in patients with functioning renal transplants in whom renal calculi develop. Patients and methods Renal calculi developed in six of 178 patients with functioning renal transplants under current review, an incidence of 3%. Risk factors for stone formation were investigated in five of these patients and compared with a randomly selected control group of 41 transplant patients with no stone problems. Results Patients with transplant calculi typically passed smaller volumes of significantly more concentrated and alkaline urine with greater urinary excretion of uric acid (P <0.05). Urine calcium excretion was also increased. Crystalluria was present in three of five stone formers compared with two of 25 controls. Overall, metabolic abnormalities included hypocitraturia (75%), hyperparathyroidism (36%), hypophosphataemia (24%), and hyoercalcaemia (10%), Urinary infection was common, (50%), and urinary output of magnesium and phosphate was at the lower end of normal for all patients. Conclusion These results suggest a multifactorial aetiology for stone formation in renal transplant recipients. Approaches to prevention and management are discussed.