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PHYSIOLOGY OF THE URINARY SPHINCTER AND ITS RELATION TO OPERATIONS FOR INCONTINENCE 1
Author(s) -
LAPIDES JACK
Publication year - 1961
Publication title -
british journal of urology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.773
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1464-410X
pISSN - 0007-1331
DOI - 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1961.tb11617.x
Subject(s) - relation (database) , citation , center (category theory) , library science , medicine , computer science , chemistry , database , crystallography
UNTIL recently the physiopathology of non-neurogenic urinary incontinence was unknown and the therapy empirical. As a result, many operations had been devised and most have had only a measure of success. It was obvious that the identification of the cause and establishment of appropriate therapy for urinary incontinence awaited the development of knowledge of the normal physiology of the bladder and urinary sphincter. Although extensive research has been performed on micturition for many years, a clear concept did not emerge until the present. Four important milestones in the evolution of the modern concept include the discoveries that (a) bladder smooth muscle possesses inherent tonicity (Nesbit and Lapides, 1948 ; Tang and Ruch, 1955), (b) bladder smooth muscle is under direct cortical control (Lapides et al., 1957), (c) bladder smooth muscle is activated solely through the parasympathetic nerves (Lapides, 1958), and ( d ) the urinary sphincter is a tubular structure (Lapides, 1958 ; Woodburne, 1960).