DOUBLE BLADDER AND RELATED ANOMALIES: CLINICAL AND EMBRYOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND A CASE REPORT

SUMMARY 1. Reduplication and similar abnormalities of the urinary bladder and associated anomalies are classified and described. 2. The literature on this subject is reviewed. 3. The embryology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis are discussed. 4. A case report is given of a female aged 9 years presenting with lower urinary tract obstruction and failing renal function, found to have a bladder with a complete sagittal septum with the closed and distended left‐sided chamber obstructing the right‐sided chamber. Bilateral hydro‐ureter and right hydronephrosis were present. The left kidney was hypoplastic. Other associated anomalies were sacral agenesis and an abnormal first lumbar vertebra. Besides the uramia, hypertension, a bleeding tendency, ansmia, uremic pericarditis, and cardiac failure were also present. 5. Some features of the case are discussed. I wish to record my gratitude to Mr D. Innes Williams for permission to publish this case and for his encouragement and help in the preparation of this paper. Thanks are also due to Mr D. Martin and Mr G. Lyth of the Departments of Clinical Photography and Medical Illustration, The Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, for the photographs and drawings.