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Reference values for Schirmer tear tests I and II in clinically normal pigs
Author(s) -
Trbolova Alexandra,
Ghaffari Masoud Selk
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
veterinary ophthalmology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.594
H-Index - 50
eISSN - 1463-5224
pISSN - 1463-5216
DOI - 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00960.x
Subject(s) - medicine , schirmer test , ophthalmology , reference values , normal values , tears , mean value , surgery , dry eyes , mathematics , statistics
Objective To determine reference values for Schirmer tear tests I and II in clinically normal pigs. Animal studied Twenty clinically normal Landrace pigs (10 males and females) without ocular abnormalities were used in this study. Procedures In all pigs, Schirmer tear tests (STT) I and II were performed by using a sterile Schirmer tear test standardized strip (Schirmer‐Tränentest ® , Germany) placed in the lower conjunctival fornix for 1 min. Results For each test (STT I and STT II), no differences were observed between the right and left eyes ( P ≥ 0.5). The mean ± SD STT I value was 15.6 ± 3.7 mm/min (range, 10–22 mm/min), while the mean STT II value was 12.4 ± 3.8 mm/minute (range, 5–18 mm/min). The mean STT II value was significantly lower than the STT I level ( P < 0.001). Animal gender did not have a significant effect on STT I and II values ( P = 0.52). The mean ± SD STT I/II values of 10 juvenile pigs were significantly lower than the mean ± SD STT I/II values of 10 adult pigs ( P < 0.001). Conclusions This study of 20 Landrace pigs provided valuable information on normal STT I/II in this species. Knowledge of normal STT reference values in pigs enables the clinician to evaluate corneal pathology and diagnose tear deficiency syndromes with greater accuracy.