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Measurements of canine aqueous humor inflammatory mediators and the effect of carprofen following anterior chamber paracentesis
Author(s) -
Pinard Chantale L.,
Gauvin Dominique,
Moreau Maxim,
MartelPelletier Johanne,
Pelletier JeanPierre,
Troncy Eric
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
veterinary ophthalmology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.594
H-Index - 50
eISSN - 1463-5224
pISSN - 1463-5216
DOI - 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00876.x
Subject(s) - carprofen , placebo , analysis of variance , medicine , nitric oxide synthase , prostaglandin , prostaglandin e , nitric oxide , chemistry , anesthesia , endocrinology , pathology , alternative medicine
Objectives Phase I: To evaluate levels of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), nitrites and nitrates (NO x ), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and expression of inducible cyclo‐oxygenase (COX‐2), nitric oxide synthase (NOS‐2), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP‐3 and ‐9) in canine aqueous humor following repeated anterior chamber paracenteses (ACP). Phase II: to evaluate the effect of carprofen on PGE 2 , NO x , and TNF‐α in canine aqueous humor following ACP. Animals studied Four beagles in phase I and 8 beagles in phase II. Procedures Phase I: ACP was performed at time (T) 0, 4 and 8 h. Phase II: A randomized, placebo‐controlled cross‐over design with four dogs per group where carprofen was given 4.4 mg/kg/day on day (D) 1, 2 and 3. ACP was performed at T0 and T1.5 on D3. Statistical analysis was performed with repeated measures anova and post hoc Tukey‐Kramer multiple‐comparison procedure. In phase II, TNF‐α level was analyzed with a Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. Results Phase I : PGE 2 significantly increased ( P < 0.0001) to plateau at T4. NO X was decreased at T4 ( P < 0.06), but increased at T8 ( P < 0.0001). COX‐2 showed detectable expression only at T8. TNF‐α, NOS‐2, MMP‐3 and ‐9 were undetectable at all time points. Phase II : At T1.5, PGE 2 was significantly elevated in both groups but was lower in the carprofen group ( P = 0.037). NO x and TNF‐α did not statistically increase in either group. Conclusions Following ACP, significant increases in PGE 2 levels confirmed inflammation characterized by a rise of COX‐2. The NO x pathway took longer to induce as compared with PGE 2 . Carprofen decreased PGE 2 levels and could help control intraocular inflammation.