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Endothelin‐1, nitric oxide, and glutamate in the normal and glaucomatous dog eye
Author(s) -
Källberg Maria E.,
Brooks Dennis E.,
Gelatt Kirk N.,
GarciaSanchez Gustavo A.,
Szabo Nancy J.,
Lambrou George N.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
veterinary ophthalmology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.594
H-Index - 50
eISSN - 1463-5224
pISSN - 1463-5216
DOI - 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2007.00529.x
Subject(s) - ophthalmology , nitric oxide , aqueous humor , glaucoma , endothelin 1 , endothelin receptor , medicine , intraocular pressure , chemistry , endocrinology , receptor
Purpose To document differences in the levels of the endothelin‐1 peptide, nitric oxide, and glutamate in aqueous humor and vitreous in the dog eye with spontaneous glaucoma compared to the normal dog eye. Methods Samples of aqueous humor and vitreous from enucleated normal eyes ( n = 21) of 14 dogs and glaucomatous eyes ( n = 8) of eight dogs were collected. Levels of endothelin‐1, nitric oxide, and glutamate were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Results Endothelin‐1 aqueous humor levels (mean ± SD) increased significantly from 3.05 (± 1.66) pg/mL for the normal eyes to 6.22 (± 2.83) pg/mL for the glaucomatous eyes ( P = 0.0054). The increase in vitreous from 1.83 (± 1.66) pg/mL for the normal eyes to 2.86 (± 1.31) pg/mL for the glaucomatous eyes was not significant ( P = 0.0840). Nitric oxide levels (mean ± SD) increased significantly in aqueous humor from 4.12 (± 2.64) µM for the normal eyes to 12.95 (± 14.42) µM for the glaucomatous eyes ( P = 0.0141). The vitreous levels increased from 4.86 (± 3.92) µM for the normal eyes to 15.33 (± 16.22) µM for the glaucomatous eyes ( P = 0.0179). Glutamate levels (mean ± SD) decreased nonsignificantly in aqueous humor from 2.35 (± 3.84) µM for the normal eyes to 1.61 (± 0.74) µM for the glaucomatous eyes ( P = 0.9377) and in vitreous from 1.37 (± 1.89) µM for the normal eyes to 1.02 (± 1.11) µM for the glaucomatous eyes ( P = 0.3303). Conclusion Endothelin‐1 and nitric oxide increased in aqueous humor and vitreous of dogs with spontaneous glaucoma while the changes in glutamate varied.