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The role of IGF‐I and its binding proteins in the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Author(s) -
Ezzat Vivienne A.,
Duncan Edward R.,
Wheatcroft Stephen B.,
Kearney Mark T.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
diabetes, obesity and metabolism
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.445
H-Index - 128
eISSN - 1463-1326
pISSN - 1462-8902
DOI - 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2007.00709.x
Subject(s) - insulin resistance , disease , type 2 diabetes , diabetes mellitus , medicine , bioinformatics , risk factor , insulin , insulin like growth factor binding protein , pathophysiology , insulin like growth factor , growth factor , endocrinology , biology , receptor
Patients with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes have an excessive risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); this increased risk is not fully explained by traditional risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidaemias. There is now compelling evidence to suggest that abnormalities of insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and one of its binding proteins, insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein‐1 (IGFBP‐1), occur in insulin‐resistant states and may be significant factors in the pathophysiology of CVD. We reviewed articles and relevant bibliographies following a systematic search of MEDLINE for English language articles between 1966 and the present, using an initial search strategy combining the MeSH terms: IGF, diabetes and CVD. Our aim was first to review the role of IGF‐I in vascular homeostasis and to explore the mechanisms by which it may exert its effects. We also present an overview of the physiology of the IGF‐binding proteins, and finally, we sought to summarize the evidence to date describing the changes in the insulin/IGF‐I/IGFBP‐1 axis that occur in type 2 diabetes and CVD; in particular, we have focused on the potential vasculoprotective effects of both IGF‐I and IGFBP‐1. We conclude that this system represents an interesting and novel therapeutic target in the prevention of CVD in type 2 diabetes.