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Attainment of glycaemic goals in type 2 diabetes with once‐, twice‐, or thrice‐daily dosing with biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 (The 1‐2‐3 study)
Author(s) -
Garber A. J.,
Wahlen J.,
Wahl T.,
Bressler P.,
Braceras R.,
Allen E.,
Jain R.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
diabetes, obesity and metabolism
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.445
H-Index - 128
eISSN - 1463-1326
pISSN - 1462-8902
DOI - 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2005.00563.x
Subject(s) - insulin aspart , dosing , type 2 diabetes , medicine , endocrinology , diabetes mellitus , insulin
Aim: This observational study in patients with type 2 diabetes failing oral agent therapy with or without basal insulin was conducted to assess whether addition and self‐titration of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 (BIAsp 30) could achieve American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE)/International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and American Diabetes Association (ADA) glycemic targets (HbA 1c ≤6.5 and <7%). Methods: Enrolled patients (n = 100, HbA 1c ≥7.5 and ≤10%) were ≥18 years of age, had diabetes ≥12 months and had received a stable antidiabetic regimen for at least 3 months [minimum of two oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) or at least one OAD plus once‐daily basal insulin ≤60 U]. Patients discontinued prior basal insulin and added one injection of BIAsp 30 (12 U or 70–100% of prior basal insulin dose within 15 min of dinner initiation). Patients self‐titrated their BIAsp 30 dose with investigator guidance every 3 or 4 days to achieve pre‐breakfast fasting blood glucose (FBG) of 80–110 mg/dl. At 16 weeks, a pre‐breakfast injection of 6 U of BIAsp 30 was added if week 15 HbA 1c exceeded 6.5%; the added dose was titrated to achieve pre‐dinner BG of 80–110 mg/dl. After an additional 16 weeks, 3 U of pre‐lunch BIAsp 30 was added if HbA 1c exceeded 6.5%. This added dose was adjusted based on 2‐h post‐lunch BG to achieve postprandial glucose of 100–140 mg/dl. Subjects achieving an HbA 1c ≤6.5% at 15 and 31 weeks completed the study at weeks 16 and 32 respectively. Results: Addition of once‐daily BIAsp 30 before dinner enabled 21% of the patients to achieve AACE and IDF targets (HbA 1c ≤6.5%) and 41% to achieve ADA targets (HbA 1c <7%). With two daily injections of BIAsp 30, these glycaemic goals were achieved by 52 and 70% of subjects. With three daily BIAsp 30 injections, 60% of patients achieved HbA 1c ≤6.5%, and 77% achieved HbA 1c <7.0%. Conclusions: This clinical trial demonstrates that initiation of once‐daily BIAsp 30 to type 2 diabetes patients poorly controlled on various OAD regimens was an effective treatment approach for achieving glycaemic goals. Additional patients safely achieved these goals by increasing the number of BIAsp 30 injections from one to two, and then, if uncontrolled, from two to three doses per day. Eventually, most patients previously uncontrolled on OADs with or without basal insulin were controlled by the addition and vigorous titration of BIAsp 30 to oral agent therapy.