Open AccessMechanisms of Salmonella entry into host cells
Author(s) -
Ly Kim Thien,
Casanova James E.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
cellular microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.542
H-Index - 138
eISSN - 1462-5822
pISSN - 1462-5814
DOI - 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.00992.x
Subject(s) - effector , biology , secretion , salmonella enterica , actin , microbiology and biotechnology , salmonella , actin cytoskeleton , cytoskeleton , cytoplasm , bacteria , pathogen , type three secretion system , cell , virulence , genetics , gene , biochemistry
Summary Salmonella enterica is an enteric bacterial pathogen that causes a variety of food and water‐borne diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to typhoid fever. Ingested bacteria colonize the intestinal epithelium by triggering their own phagocytosis, using a sophisticated array of effector proteins that are injected into the host cell cytoplasm through a type III secretion apparatus. The synergistic action of these secreted effectors leads to a dramatic reorganization of the host actin cytoskeleton, resulting in vigorous membrane protrusion and the engulfment of attached bacteria. Analysis of these effector proteins and identification of their cellular targets has provided insight into the molecular mechanisms by which bacteria can subvert the host signalling and cytoskeletal machinery for their own purposes. This review is intended to summarize our current understanding of the tools used by Salmonella to enter host cells, with a focus on effectors that modulate the actin cytoskeleton.