Open AccessImaging movement of malaria parasites during transmission by Anopheles mosquitoes
Author(s) -
Frischknecht Friedrich,
Baldacci Patricia,
Martin Béatrice,
Zimmer Christophe,
Thiberge Sabine,
OlivoMarin JeanChristophe,
Shorte Spencer L.,
Ménard Robert
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
cellular microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.542
H-Index - 138
eISSN - 1462-5822
pISSN - 1462-5814
DOI - 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2004.00395.x
Subject(s) - anopheles stephensi , biology , parasite hosting , anopheles , malaria , plasmodium (life cycle) , plasmodium berghei , virology , host (biology) , transmission (telecommunications) , blood meal , gliding motility , salivary gland , motility , anatomy , aedes aegypti , zoology , microbiology and biotechnology , immunology , ecology , larva , biochemistry , world wide web , computer science , electrical engineering , engineering
Summary Malaria is contracted when Plasmodium sporozoites are inoculated into the vertebrate host during the blood meal of a mosquito. In infected mosquitoes, sporozoites are present in large numbers in the secretory cavities of the salivary glands at the most distal site of the salivary system. However, how sporozoites move through the salivary system of the mosquito, both in resting and feeding mosquitoes, is unknown. Here, we observed fluorescent Plasmodium berghei sporozoites within live Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes and their salivary glands and ducts. We show that sporozoites move in the mosquito by gliding, a type of motility associated with their capacity to invade host cells. Unlike in vitro , sporozoite gliding inside salivary cavities and ducts is modulated in speed and motion pattern. Imaging of sporozoite discharge through the proboscis of salivating mosquitoes indicates that sporozoites need to locomote from cavities into ducts to be ejected and that their progression inside ducts favours their early ejection. These observations suggest that sporozoite gliding allows not only for cell invasion but also for parasite locomotion in host tissues, and that it may control parasite transmission.