Premium
Abundance and distribution of major groups of diazotrophic cyanobacteria and their potential contribution to N 2 fixation in the tropical Atlantic Ocean
Author(s) -
Goebel Nicole L.,
Turk Kendra A.,
Achilles Katherine M.,
Paerl Ryan,
Hewson Ian,
Morrison Amanda E.,
Montoya Joseph P.,
Edwards Christopher A.,
Zehr Jonathan P.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
environmental microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.954
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1462-2920
pISSN - 1462-2912
DOI - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02303.x
Subject(s) - trichodesmium , diazotroph , biology , abundance (ecology) , salinity , cyanobacteria , cape verde , nutrient , upwelling , diatom , botany , oceanography , nitrogen fixation , ecology , geology , history , ethnology , bacteria , genetics
Summary The abundances of six N 2 ‐fixing cyanobacterial phylotypes were profiled at 22 stations across the tropical Atlantic Ocean during June 2006, and used to model the contribution of the diazotrophs to N 2 fixation. Diazotroph abundances were measured by targeting the nifH gene of Trichodesmium , unicellular groups A, B, C (UCYN‐A, UCYN‐B and UCYN‐C), and diatom‐cyanobiont symbioses Hemiaulus–Richelia , Rhizosolenia–Richelia and Chaetoceros–Calothrix . West to east gradients in temperature, salinity and nutrients [NO 3 ‐ + NO 2 ‐ , PO 4 3− , Si(OH) 4 ] showed the influence of the Amazon River plume and its effect on the distributions of the diazotrophs. Trichodesmium accounted for more than 93% of all nifH genes detected, dominated the warmer waters of the western Atlantic, and was the only diazotroph detected at the equatorial upwelling station. UCYN‐A was the next most abundant (> 5% of all nifH genes) and dominated the cooler waters of the eastern Atlantic near the Cape Verde Islands. UCYN‐C was found at a single depth (200 m) of high salinity and low temperature and nutrients, whereas UCYN‐B cells were widespread but in very low abundance (6.1 × 10 1 ± 4.6 × 10 2 gene copies l −1 ). The diatom‐cyanobionts were observed primarily in the western Atlantic within or near the high Si(OH) 4 input of the Amazon River plume. Overall, highest diazotroph abundances were observed at the surface and declined with depth, except for some subsurface peaks in Trichodesmium , UCYN‐B and UCYN‐A. Modelled contributions of Trichodesmium , UCYN‐B and UCYN‐A to total N 2 fixation suggested that Trichodesmium had the largest input, except for the potential of UCYN‐A at the Cape Verde Islands.