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Abundance and activity of Chloroflexi ‐type SAR202 bacterioplankton in the meso‐ and bathypelagic waters of the (sub)tropical Atlantic
Author(s) -
Varela Marta M.,
Van Aken Hendrik M.,
Herndl Gerhard J.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
environmental microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.954
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1462-2920
pISSN - 1462-2912
DOI - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01627.x
Subject(s) - picoplankton , mesopelagic zone , bathyal zone , biology , abundance (ecology) , bacterioplankton , phytoplankton , ecology , pelagic zone , nutrient , benthic zone
Summary The contribution of Chloroflexi ‐type SAR202 cells to total picoplankton and bacterial abundance and uptake of d ‐ and l ‐aspartic acids (Asp) was determined in the different meso‐ and bathypelagic water masses of the (sub)tropical Atlantic (from 35°N to 5°S). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that the overall abundance of SAR202 was ≤ 1 × 10 3 cells ml −1 in subsurface waters (100 m layer), increasing in the mesopelagic zone to 3 × 10 3 cells ml −1 and remaining fairly constant down to 4000 m depth. Overall, the percentage of total picoplankton identified as SAR202 increased from < 1% in subsurface waters to 10–20% in the bathypelagic waters. On average, members of the SAR202 cluster accounted for about 30% of the Bacteria in the bathypelagic waters, whereas in the mesopelagic and subsurface waters, SAR202 cells contributed < 5% to total bacterial abundance. The ratio of d ‐Asp : l ‐Asp uptake by the bulk picoplankton community increased from the subsurface layer ( d ‐Asp : l ‐Asp uptake ratio ≈ 0.03) to the deeper layers reaching a ratio of ∼1 at 4000 m depth. Combining FISH with microautoradiography to determine the proportion of SAR202 cells taking up d ‐Asp versus l ‐Asp, we found that ≈ 30% of the SAR202 cells were taking up l ‐Asp throughout the water column while d ‐Asp was essentially not taken up by SAR202. This d ‐Asp : l ‐Asp uptake pattern of SAR202 cells is in contrast to that of the bulk bacterial and crenarchaeal community in the bathypelagic ocean, both sustaining a higher fraction of d ‐Asp‐positive cells than l ‐Asp‐positive cells. Thus, although the Chloroflexi ‐type SAR202 constitutes a major bathypelagic bacterial cluster, it does not contribute to the large fraction of d ‐Asp utilizing prokaryotic community in the meso‐ and bathypelagic waters of the North Atlantic, but rather utilizes preferentially l ‐amino acids.