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Caudal analgesia in children: S(+)‐ketamine vs S(+)‐ketamine plus clonidine
Author(s) -
Passariello M.,
Almenrader N.,
Canneti A.,
Rubeo L.,
Haiberger R.,
Pietropaoli P.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
pediatric anesthesia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.704
H-Index - 82
eISSN - 1460-9592
pISSN - 1155-5645
DOI - 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2004.01306.x
Subject(s) - ketamine , medicine , clonidine , anesthesia , sedation , pain scale , surgery
Summary Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative analgesia provided by caudal S(+)‐ketamine and S(+)‐ketamine plus clonidine without local anesthetic. Methods : Forty‐four children aged 1–5 years consecutively scheduled for inguinal hernia repair, hydrocele repair or orchidopexy were randomly assigned to receive a caudal injection of either S(+)‐ketamine 1 mg·kg −1 (group K) or S(+)‐ketamine 0.5 mg·kg −1 plus clonidine 1 μ g·kg −1 (group KC). Postoperative analgesia and sedation were evaluated by CHEOPS and Ramsay scale from emergence from general anesthesia for 24 h. Results : No statistical difference was observed between study groups with respect to pain and sedation assessment. A slight trend toward a reduced requirement for rescue analgesia in group KC was observed, although not statistically significant. Conclusions : Caudal S(+)‐ketamine 1 mg·kg −1 and S(+)‐ketamine 0.5 mg·kg −1 plus clonidine 1 μ g·kg −1 are safe and provide effective postoperative analgesia in children without adverse effects.