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Taste uncoupled from nutrition fails to sustain the reinforcing properties of food
Author(s) -
Beeler Jeff A.,
McCutcheon James E.,
Cao Zhen F. H.,
Murakami Mari,
Alexander Erin,
Roitman Mitchell F.,
Zhuang Xiaoxi
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
european journal of neuroscience
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.346
H-Index - 206
eISSN - 1460-9568
pISSN - 0953-816X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08167.x
Subject(s) - taste , dopamine , psychology , dopaminergic , sensory system , saccharin , incentive , value (mathematics) , reinforcement , stimulus (psychology) , food choice , food science , endocrinology , neuroscience , cognitive psychology , social psychology , biology , medicine , economics , microeconomics , pathology , machine learning , computer science
Recent findings suggest the reward system encodes metabolic value independent of taste, provoking speculation that the hedonic value of taste could be derived from nutritional value as a secondary appetitive property. We therefore dissociated and compared the impact of nutrition and taste on appetitive behavior in several paradigms. Though taste alone induces preference and increased consumption, in the absence of nutritional value its reinforcing properties are greatly diminished and it does not, like sucrose, induce increased responding over time. In agreement with behavioral data, saccharin‐evoked (but not sucrose‐evoked) dopamine release is greatly attenuated following pre‐exposure, suggesting that nutritional value is critical for dopamine‐mediated reward and reinforcement. Further supporting the primacy of nutrition over taste, genetically increased dopaminergic tone enhances incentive associated with nutritional value with minimal impact on taste‐based, hedonic incentive. Overall, we suggest that the sensory‐hedonic incentive value associated with taste functions as a conditioned stimulus that requires nutritional value to sustainably organize appetitive behavior.