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Rho/Rho‐kinase signaling pathway controls axon patterning of a specified subset of cranial motor neurons
Author(s) -
Kobayashi Kenta,
Masuda Tomoyuki,
Takahashi Masanori,
Miyazaki Junichi,
Nakagawa Masahiro,
Uchigashima Motokazu,
Watanabe Masahiko,
Yaginuma Hiroyuki,
Osumi Noriko,
Kaibuchi Kozo,
Kobayashi Kazuto
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
european journal of neuroscience
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.346
H-Index - 206
eISSN - 1460-9568
pISSN - 0953-816X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07554.x
Subject(s) - biology , neuroscience , rho associated protein kinase , microbiology and biotechnology , axon , signal transduction , rhoa , synapse
Cranial motor neurons, which are divided into somatic motor (SM), branchiomotor (BM) and visceral motor (VM) neurons, form distinct axonal trajectories to innervate their synapse targets. Rho GTPase regulates various neuronal functions through one of the major effector proteins, Rho‐kinase. Here, we addressed the in vivo role of the Rho/Rho‐kinase signaling pathway in axon patterning of cranial motor neurons. We performed conditional expression of a dominant‐negative mutant for RhoA or Rho‐kinase in transgenic mice by using the Cre‐ loxP system to suppress the activity of these molecules in developing cranial motor neurons. Blockade of the Rho/Rho‐kinase signaling pathway caused defects in the patterning of SM axons but not in that of BM/VM axons, in which defects were accompanied by reduced muscle innervation and reduced synapse formation by SM neurons. In addition, blockade of the signaling pathway shifted the trajectory of growing SM axons in explant cultures, whereas it did not appear to affect the rate of spontaneous axonal outgrowth. These results indicate that the Rho/Rho‐kinase signaling pathway plays an essential role in the axon patterning of cranial SM neurons during development.