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Reward‐related activity in the human motor cortex
Author(s) -
Kapogiannis Dimitrios,
Campion Paul,
Grafman Jordan,
Wassermann Eric M.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
european journal of neuroscience
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.346
H-Index - 206
eISSN - 1460-9568
pISSN - 0953-816X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06147.x
Subject(s) - transcranial magnetic stimulation , neuroscience , ventral tegmental area , psychology , primary motor cortex , dopaminergic , motor cortex , stimulation , dopamine
The human primary motor cortex (M1) participates in motor learning and response selection, functions that rely on feedback on the success of behavior (i.e. reward). To investigate the possibility that behavioral contingencies alter M1 activity in humans, we tested intracortical inhibition with single and paired (subthreshold/suprathreshold) transcranial magnetic stimulation during a slot machine simulation that delivered variable money rewards for three‐way matches and required no movement. A two‐way match before the third barrel had stopped (increased reward expectation) was associated with more paired‐pulse inhibition than no match. Receiving a large reward on the preceding trial augmented this effect. A control task that manipulated attention to the same stimuli produced no changes in excitability. The origin of this reward‐related activity is not clear, although dopaminergic ventral tegmental area neurons project to M1, where they are thought to inhibit output neurons and could be the source of the finding. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of M1 may be useful as a quantitative measure of reward‐related activity.