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Advanced chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular events and the effect of diabetes: data from the Atherosclerosis and Folic Acid Supplementation Trial
Author(s) -
Zoungas S.,
Lui M.,
Kerr P. G.,
Teede H. J.,
McNeil J. J.,
McGrath B. P.,
Polkinghorne K. R.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
internal medicine journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.596
H-Index - 70
eISSN - 1445-5994
pISSN - 1444-0903
DOI - 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2010.02226.x
Subject(s) - medicine , diabetes mellitus , hazard ratio , kidney disease , myocardial infarction , stroke (engine) , type 2 diabetes , angina , cardiology , cause of death , proportional hazards model , unstable angina , body mass index , disease , confidence interval , endocrinology , mechanical engineering , engineering
Background: End‐stage kidney disease registry data have reported increased mortality in patients with diabetes as compared with those without. Here we examine whether diabetes is independently associated with an increased risk of major cardiovascular events and death in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: Data from 315 participants with CKD in the Atherosclerosis and Folic Acid Supplementation Trial (ASFAST) were assessed. Primary end‐points were fatal or non‐fatal cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, stroke, unstable angina, coronary revascularisation and peripheral vascular events assessed both jointly and separately using Cox‐proportional hazard models. Results: Twenty‐three per cent reported diabetes. Median follow up was 3.6 years. In those with diabetes, an increased risk for major cardiovascular events was observed, crude hazard ratio (HR) 2.87 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.11–3.90). After adjustment for age, gender, smoking, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, past ischaemic heart disease and use of preventive therapies, diabetes was associated with an HR of 1.83 (1.28–2.61) for major cardiovascular events. The risk for peripheral vascular events was also increased, adjusted HR 6.31 (2.61–15.25). For all‐cause death, major coronary and stroke events, the risk in those with diabetes was not significantly increased (all‐cause death, adjusted HR 1.31 (95% CI 0.80–2.14); major coronary events, adjusted HR 1.26 (95% CI 0.64–2.49); and major stroke events, adjusted HR 1.28 (95% CI 0.55–2.99)). Conclusions: Diabetes significantly increases the risk of major cardiovascular events, especially peripheral vascular events in patients with advanced CKD. Trials of multifactorial management of cardiovascular risk factors are required to determine if outcomes for this population may be improved.