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Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for acute respiratory failure: justified or just hot air?
Author(s) -
Crummy F.,
Naughton M. T.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
internal medicine journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.596
H-Index - 70
eISSN - 1445-5994
pISSN - 1444-0903
DOI - 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2007.01268.x
Subject(s) - medicine , hypercapnia , positive airway pressure , acute respiratory failure , intensive care medicine , non invasive ventilation , mechanical ventilation , intubation , continuous positive airway pressure , intensive care unit , ventilation (architecture) , respiratory failure , asthma , anesthesia , airway , intensive care , respiratory system , mechanical engineering , forensic science , veterinary medicine , obstructive sleep apnea , engineering
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV) is the provision of mechanical positive airway pressure ventilatory support through the patient’s upper airway through mask interface. Conditions in which it has been shown to be effective are acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and acute hypercapnic exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In such conditions, NIV is associated with reduced intensive care unit demands, a reduction in intubation rates, reduced health‐care expenditure and improved survival. Other conditions, such as hypercapnia of other cause, hypoxaemic respiratory failure and acute asthma, have supportive, but less conclusive data. Indications, contraindications and guidelines for the use of NIV are discussed.