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The Role of α 1 Protease Inhibitor (α 1 Antitrypsin) in the Regulation of Immunologic and Inflammatory Reactions
Author(s) -
Breit S. N.,
Penny R.
Publication year - 1980
Publication title -
australian and new zealand journal of medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.596
H-Index - 70
eISSN - 1445-5994
pISSN - 0004-8291
DOI - 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1980.tb04101.x
Subject(s) - medicine , protease inhibitor (pharmacology) , protease , immunology , enzyme , biochemistry , biology , virus , viral load , antiretroviral therapy
Summary: Twenty‐six different alleles have been identified for α 1 protease inhibitor (α 1 antitrypsin), each designated by a letter of the alphabet. In any individual two alleles co‐dominantly determine the characteristics of α 1 protease inhibitor (Pi), including mobility on electrophoresis, serum concentration and acute phase response. Recent evidence has linked some mildly deficient phenotypes of Pi with a variety of chronic immunologic and inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, uveitis, asthma and fibrosing alveolitis, in addition to the well recognised association of severe deficiency with emphysema and chronic liver disease. This disease susceptibility in phenotypes associated with reduced serum levels may be due to alteration in lymphocyte responses, complement activation and leukocyte migration. Pi can also influence the autolytic effects of leukocytic enzymes on tissues and may inhibit some aspects of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Therefore patients with deficient Pi phenotypes are likely to have exaggerated immunologic and inflammatory responses.