The seasonal abundance and foraging behaviour of honeyeaters and their potential role in the pollination of Banksia menziesii

Seasonal changes in the abundances of five species of honey‐eaters were assessed in relation to the flowering phenology of Banksia menziesii in banksia woodland near Perth, Western Australia. The total number of honeyeaters was significantly correlated to the number of inflorescences ofB. menziesii. New Holland Honeyeaters. Brown Honeyeaters and Western Spinebills were present throughout the year, whereas the larger honeyeaters (Red and Little Wattlebirds) were observed when B. menziesii was flowering. The foraging behaviours of the Little Wattlebirds, New Holland Honeyeaters, Brown Honeyeaters and Western Spinebills were similar and all were likely to effect pollination of B. menziesii florets. Differences in their foraging position at an inflorescence, number and direction of foraging probes, and the time spent at an inflorescence were minimal. Western Spinebills used inflorescences lower in the tree crown than the other species. Movements to inflorescences on different plants were inversely related to honeyeater size. Smaller honeyeaters were frequently chased from inflorescences by the larger species, increasing the proportion of distant foraging movements made by the smaller species. Also these interrupted visits were of shorter duration than uninterrupted visits. Visitation by smaller species, especially the Brown Honeyeater, may result in more cross pollinations although the effect on the reproductive success of B, menziesii is unknown.