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Urinary calreticulin in the diagnosis of bladder urothelial carcinoma
Author(s) -
Kageyama Susumu,
Isono Takahiro,
Matsuda Shinjiro,
Ushio Yoshihiro,
Satomura Shinji,
Terai Akito,
Arai Yoichi,
Kawakita Mutsushi,
Okada Yusaku,
Yoshiki Tatsuhiro
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
international journal of urology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.172
H-Index - 67
eISSN - 1442-2042
pISSN - 0919-8172
DOI - 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2009.02287.x
Subject(s) - medicine , urology , bladder cancer , urine cytology , urine , urinary system , mcnemar's test , receiver operating characteristic , urinary bladder , mann–whitney u test , cytology , carcinoma , urothelial carcinoma , cancer , pathology , statistics , mathematics
Objectives: To evaluate the potential suitability of calreticulin (CRT) as a urinary marker for bladder cancer. Methods: Urine specimens were collected from patients with histologically confirmed bladder urothelial carcinoma (Group 1; n = 109), urological patients without urothelial carcinoma (Group 2; n = 60), and non‐urological patients (Group 3; n = 40). We developed an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure using commercially available anti‐CRT mono/polyclonal antibodies, and then measured the concentration of urinary CRT. Results: Urinary CRT concentration of group 1 was significantly higher than group 2 and 3 (Mann–Whitney U ‐test, P < 0.001). Groups 2 and 3 were joined together and considered as a non‐bladder cancer group ( n = 100), and a cutoff value (2.85 ng/mL) was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve were 67.9%, 80.0%, and 0.742, respectively. The overall sensitivity of voided urine cytology (VUC) was 39.0% ( n = 105), and the sensitivity of urinary CRT was significantly superior to VUC (McNemar test, P < 0.001). Higher sensitivity was observed especially in Ta, G1‐2, and ≤3 cm tumors. Conclusions: Urinary CRT may be useful for diagnosis of bladder urothelial cancer. However, given that its specificity is relatively low, further evaluation in larger series is needed to define its clinical usefulness.