Open AccessEndosulfan Resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Australia
Author(s) -
Gunning R. V.,
EASTON C. S.
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
australian journal of entomology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1440-6055
pISSN - 1326-6756
DOI - 10.1111/j.1440-6055.1994.tb00906.x
Subject(s) - endosulfan , helicoverpa armigera , noctuidae , biology , lepidoptera genitalia , larva , insecticide resistance , instar , resistance (ecology) , veterinary medicine , helicoverpa , pest analysis , toxicology , pesticide , horticulture , botany , agronomy , medicine
Helicoverpa armigera larvae and adults were collected from New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland from 1974 to 1990 and laboratory cultures were established. Endosulfan was topically applied to third instar larvae of the first or second laboratory generations of the field collections and to a susceptible laboratory strain. the highest levels of endosulfan resistance (> 50‐fold) were recorded in 1974 following several years of endosulfan use in the field. Resistance was not detected from 1977 to 1983 when pyrethroids were substituted for endosulfan in the field. Since then, resistance has become widespread with the re‐introduction of endosulfan use. However, these resistance levels have remained generally low with only 5 of the 82 strains tested having resistance factors above 10‐fold. the highest level of resistance recorded after 1984 was 23‐fold and laboratory selection with endosulfan increased this to 163‐fold. From 1986 to 1990, 15–20% of individuals in populations of H. armigera from unsprayed areas of NSW were endosulfan resistant. the Helicoverpa insecticide resistance management strategy appears to have limited endosulfan resistance.