Open AccessDURATION OF TOXICITY OF RESIDUES OF MALATHION AND SPRAY OIL ON CITRUS FOLIAGE IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA TO ADULTS OF A CALIFORNIA RED SCALE PARASITE APHYTIS MELINUS DeBACH (HYMENOPTERA: APHELINIDAE)
Author(s) -
Campbell M. M.
Publication year - 1975
Publication title -
australian journal of entomology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1440-6055
pISSN - 1326-6756
DOI - 10.1111/j.1440-6055.1975.tb02018.x
Subject(s) - aphelinidae , malathion , biology , toxicology , orange (colour) , nutrient , urea , hymenoptera , zoology , botany , pesticide , horticulture , agronomy , ecology , parasitoid , biochemistry
Adult Aphytis melinus were exposed in the laboratory to leaves of orange trees collected at intervals after the trees were sprayed with malathion, oil, or nutrients. Residues of 0.15% malathion applied in late winter, spring, and summer were highly lethal for 29, 21, and 16 d respectively, and weathered in 48, 41, and 27 d respectively to a level that allowed 50% survival after 4 h. The residue from 2.5% pre‐emulsified oil applied in summer was highly lethal for 1 d and at 8 d was no longer toxic. Survival of adults was not reduced by exposure for 20 h to the residue, immediately after drying, from nutrient sprays containing 0.2% zinc oxide, 0.4% manganese sulphate, and/or 0.7% urea applied in summer.