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Mechanisms by which systemic salbutamol increases ventilation
Author(s) -
TOBIN Antony E.,
PELLIZZER AnneMarie,
SANTAMARIA John D.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
respirology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.857
H-Index - 85
eISSN - 1440-1843
pISSN - 1323-7799
DOI - 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2006.00832.x
Subject(s) - medicine , salbutamol , ventilation (architecture) , base excess , anesthesia , heart rate , respiratory minute volume , blood pressure , respiratory rate , arterial blood , respiratory system , asthma , engineering , mechanical engineering
Background and objective: Salbutamol (SAL) has systemic effects that may adversely influence ventilation in asthmatic patients. The authors sought to determine the magnitude of this effect and mechanisms by which i.v. SAL affects ventilation. Methods: A prospective study of nine healthy subjects (eight men, one woman; age 23 ± 1.4 years (SD)) was undertaken. Each subject received i.v. SAL at 5, 10 and 20 µg/min each for 30 min at each dose and was observed for 1 h post infusion. Minute ventilation ( V̇E ), oxygen consumption (V̇O 2 ), CO 2 production (V̇CO 2 ), occlusion pressure (P 0.1 ), heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, glucose, arterial blood gases, lactate and potassium (K + ) were recorded at baseline and at 30‐min intervals. The effect of 100% oxygen on V̇E and P 0.1 during SAL infusion at 20 µg/min was observed. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. Results: V̇ E was significantly increased at 20 µg/min SAL (37.8 ± 12.1%, P = 0.01), as were V̇O 2 (22.5 ± 5.1%, P < 0.01) and V̇CO 2 (40.9 ± 10.6%, P < 0.01). Ventilation was in excess of metabolic needs as demonstrated by a rise in the respiratory exchange ratio (0.87 ± 0.03 to 0.99 ± 0.04, P < 0.05). Serum lactate rose by 124 ± 30.4% from baseline to 20 µg/min (1.1 ± 0.1 to 2.3 ± 0.25 mmol/L, P < 0.01) and base excess decreased (0.89 ± 0.56 to vs. −1.75 ± 0.52 mmol/L, P < 0.01) consistent with a lactic acidosis contributing to the excess ventilation. There was no significant differences in V̇E or P 0.1 with F I O 2 = 1.0, suggesting peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation was not responsible for the rise in V̇E . At 20 µg/min SAL, K + fell significantly from baseline (3.8 ± 0.06 to 2.8 ± 0.09 mmol/L, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Systemic SAL imposes ventilatory demands by increasing metabolic rate and serum lactate. This may adversely affect patients with severe asthma with limited ventilatory reserve.