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Immunohistopathological re‐evaluation of adenocarcinoma of the lung with mixed subtypes using a tissue microarray technique and hierarchical clustering analysis
Author(s) -
Gamal Gehan,
Sano Takaaki,
Sakurai Shinji,
Kawashima Osamu,
Sugano Masayuki,
Nakajima Takashi
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
pathology international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.73
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1440-1827
pISSN - 1320-5463
DOI - 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2007.02172.x
Subject(s) - adenocarcinoma , pathology , hierarchical clustering , microarray analysis techniques , cluster analysis , lung , microarray , tissue microarray , medicine , computational biology , biology , computer science , immunohistochemistry , artificial intelligence , cancer , gene , genetics , gene expression
To re‐evaluate adenocarcinoma, mixed subtypes (ADMIX) of the lung, a total of 201 cases were classified into three main subgroups according to the most differentiated histological growth pattern; namely bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC)‐mixed, which was the most predominant (73.1%), papillary (PAP)‐mixed (21.9%), and acinar‐mixed (5%). The PAP‐mixed was significantly male predominant and had more progressed clinicopathological features. A significant cytological difference was observed among the three subgroups. A tissue microarray was constructed and immunohistochemistry was undertaken using 15 biomarkers. Hierarchical clustering analysis was separately applied to the immunohistochemical results of ADMIX and ADMIX subgroups, and it was found that most acinar‐mixed cases were placed in a separate cluster, while the BAC‐mixed and PAP‐mixed failed to form significant independent clusters. The antibody clustering profile for the acinar‐mixed was clearly different from that for the BAC‐mixed or PAP‐mixed, but the PAP‐mixed shared a dendrogram profile with the other two subgroups. Statistically, approximately half of the 15 biomarkers were significant for differentiating between ADMIX subgroups and between different histological growth patterns. In conclusion, ADMIX can be classified into three histopathological subgroups according to the most differentiated growth pattern, of which a PAP growth pattern might indicate more aggressive behavior than that of a BAC growth pattern.