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Heart rate reactivity and current post‐traumatic stress disorder when data are missing
Author(s) -
JeonSlaughter Haekyung,
Tucker Phebe,
Pfefferbaum Betty,
North Carol S.,
de Andrade Bernardo Borba,
Neas Barbara
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
psychiatry and clinical neurosciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.609
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1440-1819
pISSN - 1323-1316
DOI - 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2011.02233.x
Subject(s) - logistic regression , heart rate , missing data , arousal , psychology , traumatic stress , psychiatry , clinical psychology , medicine , blood pressure , statistics , social psychology , mathematics
Aims: This study demonstrates that auxiliary and exclusion criteria variables increase the effectiveness of missing imputation in correcting underestimation of physiologic reactivity in relation to post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) caused by deleting cases with missing physiologic data. Methods: This study used data from survivors of the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing and imputed missing heart rate data using auxiliary and exclusion criteria variables. Logistic regression was used to examine heart rate reactivity in relation to current PTSD. Results: Of 113 survivors who participated in the bombing study's 7‐year follow‐up interview, 42 (37%) had missing data on heart rate reactivity due to exclusion criteria (medical illness or use of cardiovascular or psychotropic medications) or non‐participation. Logistic regression results based on imputed heart rate data using exclusion criteria and auxiliary (the presence of any current PTSD arousal symptoms) variables showed that survivors with current bombing‐related PTSD had significantly higher heart rates at baseline and recovered more slowly back to baseline heart rate during resting periods than survivors without current PTSD, while results based on complete cases failed to show significant correlations between current PTSD and heart rates at any assessment points. Conclusions: Suggested methods yielded an otherwise undetectable link between physiology and current PTSD.