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A STUDY OF EXPERIMENTAL INTOXICATION OF ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS (PHENOBARBITAL, 5‐5‐DIPHENYL‐HYDANTOIN, TRIDIONE)
Author(s) -
Narita Yoshio
Publication year - 1960
Publication title -
psychiatry and clinical neurosciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.609
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1440-1819
pISSN - 1323-1316
DOI - 10.1111/j.1440-1819.1960.tb02256.x
Subject(s) - chromatolysis , vacuolization , phenobarbital , medicine , eosinophilic , pathology , anesthesia , spinal cord , psychiatry
Summary Three kinds of anticonvulsant (Phenobarbital, Hydantoin and Tridione), were administered to 12 adult rabbits and 40 adult cats for 630 days at the longest for the purpose of experimenting the acute and chronic intoxication of those drugs.1 Concerning these three kinds, histopathological findings were almost similar. The vulnerabilities, however, were diverse as is shown in Table 2. 2 The duration factor of medication influenced much more on histopathological findings than the dosage factor. 3 The animals subjected to chronic intoxication of those drugs showed abstinent symptoms (grand ma1 seizure, vomiting, coma etc.) when administrations were abruptly cut off. 4 The changes of nerve cells are classified in following five patterns; 1) Nuclear swelling, 2) Chromatolysis, 3) Vacuolization, 4) Atrophic change and 5) Eosinophilic cell change. Furthermore, binuclear nerve cells were not seldom observed. 5 In truncus cerebri and medulla spinalis, the motor nuclei tend to show tumescent change i.e., vacuolization and chromatolysis, while the sensory nuclei presented tendency for atrophic sclerosis. 6 The author, comparing so‐called ischemic cell change with other eosinophilic cell change and transitional type between these two, came to the conclusion that all of them are to be classified to eosinophilic cell changes as a whole, as there is hardly strict category of differentiation. 7 Oligodendroglial change was classified in 3 forms, namely, rosary oligodendrogliosis racemose oligodendrogliosis and so‐called acute swelling. 8 Macrogliosis around the blood vessels, ventricle walls and cortical surface were classified in three types according to the arrangement of the glia cells. 9 In this experiment series also, the various histopathological findings described in the human epileptic brain, namely, so‐called ischemic cell change and Chaslin's gliosis etc. were observable, however, neither Ammon's horn sclerosis nor “Prellungs Herd” were observed. 10 The author discussed the difference of vulnerability of Ammon's horn between the human and animals, trying to explain it in terms of genetic anatomy.