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Asian chronic kidney disease best practice recommendations: Positional statements for early detection of chronic kidney disease from Asian Forum for Chronic Kidney Disease Initiatives (AFCKDI)
Author(s) -
LI PHILIP KAMTAO,
CHOW KAI MING,
MATSUO SEIICHI,
YANG CHIH WEI,
JHA VIVEKANAND,
BECKER GAVIN,
CHEN NAN,
SHARMA SANJIB KUMAR,
CHITTINANDANA ANUTRA,
CHOWDHURY SHAFIQUL,
HARRIS DAVID C.H.,
HOOI LAI SEONG,
IMAI ENYU,
KIM SUHNGGWON,
KIM SUNG GYUN,
LANGHAM ROBYN,
PADILLA BENITA S.,
TEO BOON WEE,
TOGTOKH ARIUNAA,
WALKER ROWAN G.,
WANG HAI YAN,
TSUKAMOTO YUSUKE
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
nephrology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.752
H-Index - 61
eISSN - 1440-1797
pISSN - 1320-5358
DOI - 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2011.01503.x
Subject(s) - medicine , kidney disease , referral , renal function , dipstick , intensive care medicine , diabetes mellitus , primary care physician , disease , primary care , physical therapy , family medicine , urine , endocrinology
AFCKDI RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EARLY DETECTION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE 1. Targets Patients with diabetes, hypertension Those with family history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) Individuals receiving potentially nephrotoxic drugs, herbs or substances or taking indigenous medicine Patients with past history of acute kidney injury Individuals older than 65 years 2. Tools Spot urine sample for protein with standard urine Dipstick test (need a repeat confirmatory test if positive) Dipstick for red blood cells (need confirmation by urine microscopy) An estimate of glomerular filtration rate based on serum creatinine concentration 3. Frequency of screening Screening frequency for targeted individuals should be yearly if no abnormality is detected on initial evaluation. 4. Who should perform the screening Doctors, nurses, paramedical staff and other trained healthcare professionals 5. Intervention after screening Patients detected to have CKD should be referred to primary care physicians with experience in management of kidney disease for follow up. A management protocol should be provided to the primary care physicians. Further referral to nephrologists for management will be based on the protocol together with clinical judgment of the primary care physicians with their assessment of the severity of CKD and the likelihood of progression. 6. Screening for cardiovascular disease risk It is recommended that cardiovascular disease risk factors should be screened in all patients with CKD.