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Review article: Importance of the kidney proximal tubular cells in thiazolidinedione‐mediated sodium and water uptake
Author(s) -
PANCHAPAKESAN USHA,
POLLOCK CAROL,
SAAD SONIA
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
nephrology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.752
H-Index - 61
eISSN - 1440-1797
pISSN - 1320-5358
DOI - 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2009.01089.x
Subject(s) - pioglitazone , thiazolidinedione , medicine , rosiglitazone , endocrinology , nephron , sodium , kidney , downregulation and upregulation , proximal tubule , type 2 diabetes , receptor , diabetes mellitus , chemistry , biochemistry , organic chemistry , gene
SUMMARY Thiazolidinediones (TZD) such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone are proxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists and are widely used clinically to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fluid retention still poses a significant limitation to its use. The primary renal process underlying TZD‐associated oedema is reduced urinary sodium and water excretion. Experimental evidence suggests that this is mainly related to the effects of PPARγ agonists on the distal nephron and collecting duct. We have recently shown that PPARγ agonists upregulate sodium and water transport channels in human proximal tubule cells and that Sgk‐1 is involved. In this review, we focus on the importance of the proximal tubular cells in TZD‐mediated sodium and water uptake.